The second-lightest element in the periodic table, helium is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas with an atomic number of 2. It is renowned for being the least dense and inflammable of all the elements, as well as being the least reactive.

French astronomer Jules Janssen and British astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer made the initial discovery of helium in 1868. They discovered a yellow spectral line in the sun's brightness during a solar eclipse and gave the element the name Helios after the Greek sun deity.

• Discovery: French astronomer Jules Janssen and British astronomer Joseph Norman Lockyer made the initial discovery of helium in 1868. They discovered a yellow spectral line in the sun's brightness during a solar eclipse and gave the element the name Helios after the Greek sun deity.
• Production: The natural decay of radioactive elements in the Earth's crust results in the production of helium. Furthermore, it is created via the nuclear fusion process in stars, where it is created in enormous amounts.
• Properties: The noble gas helium is chemically inert. Its melting point is -272.2°C (458°F), while its boiling point is -268.9°C (452°F). It has the lowest boiling point of all the elements and is the second lightest element after hydrogen. Non-toxic, non-flammable, and incapable of supporting combustion is helium gas.

Medical uses for helium gas include respiratory treatment in particular. It is employed in medical imaging technologies like MRI as well as a carrier gas for oxygen and other breathing gases.

In particular, welding stainless steel and aluminium requires the use of helium gas. It serves as a shielding gas to keep the weld safe from contaminating outside air that could weaken the weld.

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